GTK+ 2.0 教学-日历 Calendar

日历(Calendar)元件是显示和获取每月日期等讯息的高效方法。它是一个很容易创建和使用的元件。

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创建日历元件的方法和其它元件的类似:

GtkWidget *gtk_calendar_new( void );

有时候,需要同时对元件的外观和内容做很多的修改。这时候可能会引起元件的多次更新,导致荧幕闪烁。可以在修改之前使用一个函式将元件“冻结”,然后在修改完成之后再用一个函式将元件“解冻”。这样,元件在整个过程中只做一次更新。

void gtk_calendar_freeze( GtkCalendar *Calendar );

void gtk_calendar_thaw( GtkCalendar *Calendar );

这两个函式和其它元件的冻结/解冻(freeze/thaw)函式作用完全一样。

日历元件有几个选项,可以用来改变元件的外观和操作方式。使用下面的函式可以改变这些选项:

void gtk_calendar_display_options( GtkCalendar               *calendar,
                                   GtkCalendarDisplayOptions  flags );

函式中的flags参数可以将下面的五种选项中的一个或者多个用逻辑位元OR(|)运算子组合起来:

GTK_CALENDAR_SHOW_HEADING
这个选项指定在绘制日历元件时,应该显示月份和年份。

GTK_CALENDAR_SHOW_DAY_NAMES
这个选项指定用三个字母的缩写显示每一天是星期几(比如Mon、Tue等)。

GTK_CALENDAR_NO_MONTH_CHANGE
这个选项指定用户不应该也不能够改变显示的月份。如果只想显示某个特定的月份,则可以使用这个选项。比如,在视窗上同时为一年的12个月分别设置一个日历元件时。

GTK_CALENDAR_SHOW_WEEK_NUMBERS
这个选项指定应该在日历的左边显示每一周在全年的周序号(例如;1月1日是第1周,12月31日是第52周)。

GTK_CALENDAR_WEEK_START_MONDAY
这个选项指定在日历元件中每一周是从星期一开始而不是从星期天开始。预设设置是从星期天开始。此选项之影响日期在元件中从左到右的排列顺序。

下面的函式用于设置当前要显示的日期:

gint gtk_calendar_select_month( GtkCalendar *calendar,
                                guint        month,
                                guint        year );

void gtk_calendar_select_day( GtkCalendar *calendar,
                              guint        day );

gtk_calendar_select_month()的传回值是一个布林值,指示设置是否成功。

使用gtk_calendar_select_day()函式,如果指定的日期是合法的,该日期会在日历元件中被选择。如果day参数的值是0,将清除当前的选择。

除了可以选中一个日期以外,在一个月中可以有任意个日期被“标记”。被“标记”的日期会在日历元件中高亮显示。下面的函式用于标记日期和取消标记:

gint gtk_calendar_mark_day( GtkCalendar *calendar,
                            guint        day);

gint gtk_calendar_unmark_day( GtkCalendar *calendar,
                              guint        day);

void gtk_calendar_clear_marks( GtkCalendar *calendar);

当前标记的日期存储在一个GtkCalendar结构的阵列中。阵列的长度是31,这样,要想知道某个特定的日期是否被标示,可以存取数值中相应的元素(注意,在C语言中,数值是从0开始编号的)。例如:

    GtkCalendar *calendar;
    calendar = gtk_calendar_new ();

    ...

    /* 当月7日被标记了吗? */
    if (calendar->marked_date[7-1])
       /* 若执行此处的程式码,表明7日已经被标记 */

注意,在月份和年份变化时,被标记的日期是不会变化的。

日历元件的最后一个函式用于取得当前选中的日/月/年值:

void gtk_calendar_get_date( GtkCalendar *calendar,
                            guint       *year,
                            guint       *month,
                            guint       *day );

使用这个函式时,需要先声明几个guint类型的变数,再把变数位址传递给函式。所需要的传回值就存放在这几个变数中。如果将某一个参数设置为NULL,则不传回该值。

日历元件能够引发许多信号,用于指示日期被选择以及选择发生的变化。信号的意义很容易理解。信号名称如下:

  • month_changed
  • day_selected
  • day_selected_double_click
  • prev_month
  • next_month
  • prev_year
  • next_year

下面是一个日历元件的范例,运用了上面介绍的各项特性。

/*
 * 版权 (C) 1998 Cesar Miquel, Shawn T. Amundson, Mattias Gri¿½nlund
 * 版权 (C) 2000 Tony Gale
 *
 * 本程式是自由软体。你可以在自由软体基金发布的 GNU GPL 的条款下重新分发
 * 或修改它。GPL 可以使用版本 2 或(由你选择)任何随后的版本。
 *
 * 本程式分发的目的是它可能对其他人有用,但不提供任何的担保,包括隐含的
 * 和适合特定用途的保证。请查阅GNU通用公共许可证获得详细的信息。
 * 你应该已经随该软体一起收到一份GNU通用公共许可。如果还没有,请写信给
 * Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
 * Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
 */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <gtk/gtk.h>

#define DEF_PAD 10
#define DEF_PAD_SMALL 5

#define TM_YEAR_BASE 1900

typedef struct _CalendarData {
  GtkWidget *flag_checkboxes[5];
  gboolean  settings[5];
  GtkWidget *font_dialog;
  GtkWidget *window;
  GtkWidget *prev2_sig;
  GtkWidget *prev_sig;
  GtkWidget *last_sig;
  GtkWidget *month;
} CalendarData;

enum {
  calendar_show_header,
  calendar_show_days,
  calendar_month_change,
  calendar_show_week,
  calendar_monday_first
};
/*
 * GtkCalendar 日历元件
 */
static void calendar_date_to_string( CalendarData *data,
                                     char         *buffer,
                                     gint          buff_len )
{
  GDate date;
  guint year, month, day;

  gtk_calendar_get_date (GTK_CALENDAR (data->window),
			 &year, &month, &day);
  g_date_set_dmy (&date, day, month + 1, year);
  g_date_strftime (buffer, buff_len - 1, "%x", &date);

}

static void calendar_set_signal_strings( char         *sig_str,
                                         CalendarData *data )
{
  const gchar *prev_sig;

  prev_sig = gtk_label_get_text (GTK_LABEL (data->prev_sig));
  gtk_label_set_text (GTK_LABEL (data->prev2_sig), prev_sig);

  prev_sig = gtk_label_get_text (GTK_LABEL (data->last_sig));
  gtk_label_set_text (GTK_LABEL (data->prev_sig), prev_sig);
  gtk_label_set_text (GTK_LABEL (data->last_sig), sig_str);
}

static void calendar_month_changed( GtkWidget    *widget,
                                    CalendarData *data )
{
  char buffer[256] = "month_changed: ";

  calendar_date_to_string (data, buffer + 15, 256 - 15);
  calendar_set_signal_strings (buffer, data);
}

static void calendar_day_selected( GtkWidget    *widget,
                                   CalendarData *data )
{
  char buffer[256] = "day_selected: ";

  calendar_date_to_string (data, buffer + 14, 256 - 14);
  calendar_set_signal_strings (buffer, data);
}

static void calendar_day_selected_double_click ( GtkWidget    *widget,
                                                 CalendarData *data )
{
  char buffer[256] = "day_selected_double_click: ";
  guint day;

  calendar_date_to_string (data, buffer + 27, 256 - 27);
  calendar_set_signal_strings (buffer, data);

  gtk_calendar_get_date (GTK_CALENDAR (data->window),
			 NULL, NULL, &day);

  if (GTK_CALENDAR (data->window)->marked_date[day-1] == 0) {
    gtk_calendar_mark_day (GTK_CALENDAR (data->window), day);
  } else {
    gtk_calendar_unmark_day (GTK_CALENDAR (data->window), day);
  }
}

static void calendar_prev_month( GtkWidget    *widget,
                                 CalendarData *data )
{
  char buffer[256] = "prev_month: ";

  calendar_date_to_string (data, buffer + 12, 256 - 12);
  calendar_set_signal_strings (buffer, data);
}

static void calendar_next_month( GtkWidget    *widget,
                                 CalendarData *data )
{
  char buffer[256] = "next_month: ";

  calendar_date_to_string (data, buffer + 12, 256 - 12);
  calendar_set_signal_strings (buffer, data);
}

static void calendar_prev_year( GtkWidget    *widget,
                                CalendarData *data )
{
  char buffer[256] = "prev_year: ";

  calendar_date_to_string (data, buffer + 11, 256 - 11);
  calendar_set_signal_strings (buffer, data);
}

static void calendar_next_year( GtkWidget    *widget,
                                CalendarData *data )
{
  char buffer[256] = "next_year: ";

  calendar_date_to_string (data, buffer + 11, 256 - 11);
  calendar_set_signal_strings (buffer, data);
}

static void calendar_set_flags( CalendarData *calendar )
{
  gint i;
  gint options = 0;
  for (i = 0;i < 5; i++)
    if (calendar->settings[i])
      {
	options = options + (1 << i);
      }
  if (calendar->window)
    gtk_calendar_display_options (GTK_CALENDAR (calendar->window), options);
}

static void calendar_toggle_flag( GtkWidget    *toggle,
                                  CalendarData *calendar)
{
  gint i;
  gint j;
  j = 0;
  for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
    if (calendar->flag_checkboxes[i] == toggle)
      j = i;

  calendar->settings[j] = !calendar->settings[j];
  calendar_set_flags (calendar);

}

static void calendar_font_selection_ok( GtkWidget    *button,
                                        CalendarData *calendar )
{
  GtkRcStyle *style;
  char *font_name;

  if (calendar->window)
    {
      font_name = gtk_font_selection_dialog_get_font_name (GTK_FONT_SELECTION_DIALOG (calendar->font_dialog));
      if (font_name)
	{
	  style = gtk_rc_style_new ();
	  pango_font_description_free (style->font_desc);
	  style->font_desc = pango_font_description_from_string (font_name);
	  gtk_widget_modify_style (calendar->window, style);
	  g_free (font_name);
	}
    }

  gtk_widget_destroy (calendar->font_dialog);
}

static void calendar_select_font( GtkWidget    *button,
                                  CalendarData *calendar )
{
  GtkWidget *window;

  if (!calendar->font_dialog) {
    window = gtk_font_selection_dialog_new ("Font Selection Dialog");
    g_return_if_fail (GTK_IS_FONT_SELECTION_DIALOG (window));
    calendar->font_dialog = window;

    gtk_window_set_position (GTK_WINDOW (window), GTK_WIN_POS_MOUSE);

    g_signal_connect (window, "destroy",
		      G_CALLBACK (gtk_widget_destroyed),
		      &calendar->font_dialog);

    g_signal_connect (GTK_FONT_SELECTION_DIALOG (window)->ok_button,
		      "clicked", G_CALLBACK (calendar_font_selection_ok),
		      calendar);
    g_signal_connect_swapped (GTK_FONT_SELECTION_DIALOG (window)->cancel_button,
			     "clicked", G_CALLBACK (gtk_widget_destroy),
			     calendar->font_dialog);
  }
  window = calendar->font_dialog;
  if (!GTK_WIDGET_VISIBLE (window))
    gtk_widget_show (window);
  else
    gtk_widget_destroy (window);

}

static void create_calendar( void )
{
  GtkWidget *window;
  GtkWidget *vbox, *vbox2, *vbox3;
  GtkWidget *hbox;
  GtkWidget *hbbox;
  GtkWidget *calendar;
  GtkWidget *toggle;
  GtkWidget *button;
  GtkWidget *frame;
  GtkWidget *separator;
  GtkWidget *label;
  GtkWidget *bbox;
  static CalendarData calendar_data;
  gint i;

  struct {
    char *label;
  } flags[] =
    {
      { "Show Heading" },
      { "Show Day Names" },
      { "No Month Change" },
      { "Show Week Numbers" },
      { "Week Start Monday" }
    };

  calendar_data.window = NULL;
  calendar_data.font_dialog = NULL;

  for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
    calendar_data.settings[i] = 0;
  }

  window = gtk_window_new (GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL);
  gtk_window_set_title (GTK_WINDOW (window), "GtkCalendar Example");
  gtk_container_set_border_width (GTK_CONTAINER (window), 5);
  g_signal_connect (window, "destroy",
		    G_CALLBACK (gtk_main_quit),
		    NULL);
  g_signal_connect (window, "delete-event",
		    G_CALLBACK (gtk_false),
		    NULL);
  gtk_window_set_resizable (GTK_WINDOW (window), FALSE);

  vbox = gtk_vbox_new (FALSE, DEF_PAD);
  gtk_container_add (GTK_CONTAINER (window), vbox);
   /*
   * 顶级视窗,其中包含日历元件,设置日历各参数的复选按钮和设置字型的按钮
   */
hbox = gtk_hbox_new (FALSE, DEF_PAD);
  gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (vbox), hbox, TRUE, TRUE, DEF_PAD);
  hbbox = gtk_hbutton_box_new ();
  gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (hbox), hbbox, FALSE, FALSE, DEF_PAD);
  gtk_button_box_set_layout (GTK_BUTTON_BOX (hbbox), GTK_BUTTONBOX_SPREAD);
  gtk_box_set_spacing (GTK_BOX (hbbox), 5);
/* 日历元件 */
frame = gtk_frame_new ("Calendar");
  gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX (hbbox), frame, FALSE, TRUE, DEF_PAD);
  calendar=gtk_calendar_new ();
  calendar_data.window = calendar;
  calendar_set_flags (&calendar_data);
  gtk_calendar_mark_day (GTK_CALENDAR (calendar), 19);
  gtk_container_add (GTK_CONTAINER (frame), calendar);
  g_signal_connect (calendar, "month_changed",
		    G_CALLBACK (calendar_month_changed),
		    &calendar_data);
  g_signal_connect (calendar, "day_selected",
		    G_CALLBACK (calendar_day_selected),
		    &calendar_data);
  g_signal_connect (calendar, "day_selected_double_click",
		    G_CALLBACK (calendar_day_selected_double_click),
		    &calendar_data);
  g_signal_connect (calendar, "prev_month",
		    G_CALLBACK (calendar_prev_month),
		    &calendar_data);
  g_signal_connect (calendar, "next_month",
		    G_CALLBACK (calendar_next_month),
		    &calendar_data);
  g_signal_connect (calendar, "prev_year",
		    G_CALLBACK (calendar_prev_year),
		    &calendar_data);
  g_signal_connect (calendar, "next_year",
		    G_CALLBACK (calendar_next_year),
		    &calendar_data);

  separator = gtk_vseparator_new ();
  gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (hbox), separator, FALSE, TRUE, 0);

  vbox2 = gtk_vbox_new (FALSE, DEF_PAD);
  gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (hbox), vbox2, FALSE, FALSE, DEF_PAD);
/* 创建一个框架,放入设置各种参数的复选按钮 */
frame = gtk_frame_new ("Flags");
  gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (vbox2), frame, TRUE, TRUE, DEF_PAD);
  vbox3 = gtk_vbox_new (TRUE, DEF_PAD_SMALL);
  gtk_container_add (GTK_CONTAINER (frame), vbox3);

  for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
    {
      toggle = gtk_check_button_new_with_label (flags[i].label);
      g_signal_connect (toggle,
			"toggled",
			G_CALLBACK (calendar_toggle_flag),
			&calendar_data);
      gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (vbox3), toggle, TRUE, TRUE, 0);
      calendar_data.flag_checkboxes[i] = toggle;
    }
/* 创建一个按钮,用于设置字型 */
button = gtk_button_new_with_label ("Font...");
  g_signal_connect (button,
		    "clicked",
		    G_CALLBACK (calendar_select_font),
		    &calendar_data);
  gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (vbox2), button, FALSE, FALSE, 0);
   /*
   *  创建“信号-事件”部分
   */
  frame = gtk_frame_new ("Signal events");
  gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (vbox), frame, TRUE, TRUE, DEF_PAD);

  vbox2 = gtk_vbox_new (TRUE, DEF_PAD_SMALL);
  gtk_container_add (GTK_CONTAINER (frame), vbox2);

  hbox = gtk_hbox_new (FALSE, 3);
  gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (vbox2), hbox, FALSE, TRUE, 0);
  label = gtk_label_new ("Signal:");
  gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (hbox), label, FALSE, TRUE, 0);
  calendar_data.last_sig = gtk_label_new ("");
  gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (hbox), calendar_data.last_sig, FALSE, TRUE, 0);

  hbox = gtk_hbox_new (FALSE, 3);
  gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (vbox2), hbox, FALSE, TRUE, 0);
  label = gtk_label_new ("Previous signal:");
  gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (hbox), label, FALSE, TRUE, 0);
  calendar_data.prev_sig = gtk_label_new ("");
  gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (hbox), calendar_data.prev_sig, FALSE, TRUE, 0);

  hbox = gtk_hbox_new (FALSE, 3);
  gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (vbox2), hbox, FALSE, TRUE, 0);
  label = gtk_label_new ("Second previous signal:");
  gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (hbox), label, FALSE, TRUE, 0);
  calendar_data.prev2_sig = gtk_label_new ("");
  gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (hbox), calendar_data.prev2_sig, FALSE, TRUE, 0);

  bbox = gtk_hbutton_box_new ();
  gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (vbox), bbox, FALSE, FALSE, 0);
  gtk_button_box_set_layout (GTK_BUTTON_BOX (bbox), GTK_BUTTONBOX_END);

  button = gtk_button_new_with_label ("Close");
  g_signal_connect (button, "clicked",
		    G_CALLBACK (gtk_main_quit),
		    NULL);
  gtk_container_add (GTK_CONTAINER (bbox), button);
  gtk_widget_set_can_default (button, TRUE);
  gtk_widget_grab_default (button);

  gtk_widget_show_all (window);
}

int main (int   argc,
          char *argv[])
{
  gtk_init (&argc, &argv);

  create_calendar ();

  gtk_main ();

  return 0;
}
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